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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Cools</span></h1>
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<p><b>Alexander „Lex“ Rudolf Cools</b> (* <a href="1941" title="1941">1941</a> in <a href="Den_Haag" title="Den Haag">Den Haag</a>; † <a href="7._September" title="7. September">7. September</a> <a href="2013" title="2013">2013</a> in <a href="Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a>) war ein <a href="Niederlande" title="Niederlande">niederländischer</a> <a href="Pharmakologie" title="Pharmakologie">Verhaltenspharmakologe</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>
<p>Cools erhielt 1973 seinen <a href="Doktor_der_Naturwissenschaften" title="Doktor der Naturwissenschaften">Doktor der Naturwissenschaften</a> unter Leitung von Jacques van Rossum und Jo Vossen an der <a href="Radboud-Universit%C3%A4t_Nijmegen" title="Radboud-Universität Nijmegen">Radboud-Universität Nijmegen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wo er von 1985 bis zu seiner Pensionierung <a href="Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a> war.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellenbroek_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellenbroek-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robbins_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Im Jahr 2014 wurde ein Spezialheft der <a href="Wissenschaftliche_Fachzeitschrift" title="Wissenschaftliche Fachzeitschrift">Fachzeitschrift</a> <i><a href="Behavioural_Pharmacology" title="Behavioural Pharmacology">Behavioural Pharmacology</a></i> zu seinen Ehren publiziert.<sup id="cite_ref-Willner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cools war ein der Gründer der European Behavioural Pharmacology Society und dessen zweiter Präsident.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbins_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2003 erhielt er die "Distinguished Achievement Award" von dieser Gesellschaft.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbins_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976 war Cools der Erste, der postulierte, dass es mehrere Typen von <a href="Dopamin-Rezeptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopamin-Rezeptor">Dopamin-Rezeptoren</a> geben könnte.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obwohl das anfangs nicht geglaubt wurde, hat sich dieses als grundsätzlich korrekt ausgewiesen.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbins_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neben seiner Arbeiten bezüglich des <a href="Dopamin" title="Dopamin">Dopamin</a>, ist Cools vor allem bekannt wegen seiner Forschung auf dem Gebiet der <a href="Basalganglien" title="Basalganglien">Basalganglien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbins_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ellenbroek_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellenbroek-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Willner_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="book">A.R. Cools: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">The Caudate Nucleus and Neurochemical Control of Behaviour: The Function of Dopamine and Serotonin in the Caput Nuclei Caudati of Cats</cite>. Drukkerij Brakkenstein, 1973 (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Alexander+Cools&rft.au=A.R.%26%2332%3BCools&rft.btitle=The+Caudate+Nucleus+and+Neurochemical+Control+of+Behaviour%3A+The+Function+of+Dopamine+and+Serotonin+in+the+Caput+Nuclei+Caudati+of+Cats&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Drukkerij+Brakkenstein" style="display:none"> </span></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Ellenbroek-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ellenbroek_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ellenbroek_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Bart A. Ellenbroek, Judith Homberg, Miche l Verheij, Will Spooren, Ruud Van Den Bos, Gerard Martens: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Alexander Rudolf Cools (1942–2013)</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Psychopharmacology</cite>. 231. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>11</span>, 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2219–2222</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3583-5">10.1007/s00213-014-3583-5</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24770629?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24770629</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Alexander+Cools&rft.atitle=Alexander+Rudolf+Cools+%281942-2013%29&rft.au=Bart+A.%26%2332%3BEllenbroek%2C%26%2332%3BJudith%26%2332%3BHomberg%2C%26%2332%3BMiche+l%26%2332%3BVerheij%2C+...&rft.date=2014&rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs00213-014-3583-5&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.pages=2219-2222&rft.pmid=24770629&rft.volume=231.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Robbins-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Robbins_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Robbins_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Robbins_3-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Robbins_3-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Robbins_3-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor Robbins: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Alexander R. Cools (1941–2013)</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Behavioural Pharmacology</cite>. 26. Jahrgang, 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4–5</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0000000000000101">10.1097/FBP.0000000000000101</a></span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Alexander+Cools&rft.atitle=Alexander+R.+Cools+%281941-2013%29&rft.au=Trevor%26%2332%3BRobbins&rft.btitle=Behavioural+Pharmacology&rft.date=2015&rft.doi=10.1097%2FFBP.0000000000000101&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=4-5&rft.volume=26.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Willner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Willner_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Willner_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Willner, Jack Bergman, Louk Vanderschuren, Bart Ellenbroek: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">The behavioural pharmacology of the basal ganglia</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Behavioural Pharmacology</cite>. 26. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1–2</span>, 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1–2</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0000000000000125">10.1097/FBP.0000000000000125</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25539481?dopt=Abstract">PMID 25539481</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Alexander+Cools&rft.atitle=The+behavioural+pharmacology+of+the+basal+ganglia&rft.au=Paul%26%2332%3BWillner%2C%26%2332%3BJack%26%2332%3BBergman%2C%26%2332%3BLouk%26%2332%3BVanderschuren%2C+...&rft.date=2015&rft.doi=10.1097%2FFBP.0000000000000125&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1-2&rft.jtitle=Behavioural+Pharmacology&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pmid=25539481&rft.volume=26.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">AR Cools, JM van Rossum: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Excitation-mediating and inhibition-mediating dopamine-receptors: a new concept towards a better understanding of electrophysiological, biochemical, pharmacological, functional and clinical data</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Psychopharmacologia</cite>. 45. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, 1976, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>243–254</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/175391?dopt=Abstract">PMID 175391</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Alexander+Cools&rft.atitle=Excitation-mediating+and+inhibition-mediating+dopamine-receptors%3A+a+new+concept+towards+a+better+understanding+of+electrophysiological%2C+biochemical%2C+pharmacological%2C+functional+and+clinical+data&rft.au=AR%26%2332%3BCools%2C%26%2332%3BJM%26%2332%3Bvan+Rossum&rft.date=1976&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacologia&rft.pages=243-254&rft.pmid=175391&rft.volume=45.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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Normdaten (Person): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/132721481">132721481</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88066766">n88066766</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/15939812/">15939812</a></span> | </div>
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